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Screen Reader Testing with JAWS

Assistive technology

JAWS (Job Access With Speech) is a commercial screen reader for Windows
developed by Freedom Scientific, now part of Vispero. It is the most widely
used screen reader in enterprise and government environments, and is
particularly prevalent among professional screen reader users who have used
it for many years. Testing with JAWS is important for organisations whose
products are used in corporate or government contexts.
[1]


Installation and licensing

JAWS is a paid product. Freedom Scientific offers:

  • A 40-minute evaluation mode that resets on reboot — sufficient for testing
    sessions
  • Annual subscription licences for professional use
  • A home annual licence at reduced cost

Download from: https://www.freedomscientific.com/products/software/jaws/

Recommended browser pairing: Chrome or Edge. JAWS has strong
support for both Chromium-based browsers.

The JAWS modifier key is Insert by default.


Essential keyboard shortcuts

Shortcut Action
Insert + F1 JAWS help
Insert + F5 Select a different verbosity level
Insert + F6 Headings list
Insert + F7 Links list
Insert + F3 Find a string on the page
H Next heading
Shift + H Previous heading
R Next landmark region
K Next link
F Next form field
T Next table
B Next button
Insert + Z Toggle virtual cursor on/off
Tab Next interactive element
Escape Exit form field or component
[2]

Virtual cursor vs forms mode

Like NVDA, JAWS operates in two primary modes:

Virtual cursor (browse mode) — JAWS reads all page content using its
own virtual representation of the page. Single-letter navigation shortcuts
work in this mode. This is the default reading mode.

Forms mode — Activated when JAWS enters a form field or interactive
widget. Keystrokes pass to the page. JAWS announces "forms mode on" when
switching. Exit with Escape or NumPad Plus.

JAWS handles the mode switch automatically in many cases, but custom widgets
with incorrect ARIA roles may fail to trigger the correct mode.
[1]


Step by step testing process

Step 1 — Check the page title

JAWS announces the page title on load. Verify it is descriptive and
identifies both the specific page and the site.

Step 2 — Navigate by headings

Open the Headings list (Insert + F6) for an overview, then use H to move
through headings sequentially. Verify the hierarchy is logical and headings
are descriptive when heard in isolation.

Step 3 — Navigate by landmarks

Press R to move through landmark regions. Verify a main landmark is present
and that navigation regions have labels where multiple nav landmarks exist.

Step 4 — Test the links list

Open the Links list (Insert + F7). Review all link text. Flag any links
labelled "click here", "here", "more", "read more", or similar generic text.

Step 5 — Test form fields

Tab to each form field. JAWS should announce label, type, and state.
Enter invalid data and submit — verify JAWS announces error messages
and that they are associated with the relevant fields.

Step 6 — Test custom widgets

For tabs, accordions, dialogs, and other custom components, verify:

  • The role is announced correctly when focus enters
  • State changes (expanded, selected, checked) are announced
  • Keyboard interactions match ARIA Authoring Practices Guide expectations

[3]

Step 7 — Test dynamic content

Trigger status messages and live content updates. Verify JAWS announces
them via live regions. Note that JAWS handles aria-live="assertive"
more aggressively than NVDA — test both to ensure announcements are
appropriate.


JAWS vs NVDA differences

JAWS and NVDA do not always behave identically. Differences include:

  • JAWS has more aggressive virtual buffering in some situations
  • JAWS handles some ARIA patterns differently from NVDA
  • Error announcements and form validation behaviour can differ
  • JAWS users tend to be more experienced and use more advanced navigation

Testing with both NVDA and JAWS is the most thorough approach for
Windows screen reader coverage.


References

  1. Freedom Scientific. JAWS for Windows. https://www.freedomscientific.com/products/software/jaws/
  2. Deque University. JAWS Keyboard Shortcuts. https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts
  3. WebAIM. Using JAWS to Evaluate Web Accessibility. https://webaim.org/articles/jaws/

Last edited Apr 7, 2026, 7:32 PM · P**** J****